p. 522 #4 and p.528 #4

p. 522

4. a. The National Convention changed France by letting every adult male vote, France turned into a republic, they guillotined Louis XVI, they made a draft forcing 18-25 year old men fight in war, they made a Committe of Public Safety, and switched into the metric system.

b. It affected the people of France by having to be terrified.  It was directed by the nobility and anyone suspected of disloyalty.  Many people were killed espically peasants.  Eventually, the French army had gained the advantage in the war against the foreign powers.  People in Paris were full of fear.

c. Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power by improving conditions for the troops, gaining their support and boosting morale.  He signed a treaty that gave France control of all of northern Italy. He defeated the Austians 4 times.  Also he continued to make new conqests.

p. 528

4. a. Napoleon’s achievements are establishing the Bank of France, a system of public education, making an agreement with the pope called the Concordat, undid the alliance of France’s foreign enemies, and suddenly became emperor.

b. Napoleon established an empire by first being declared emperor.  He extended the empire past its old borders, continuing to win battles on land.  He forced his enemies to sign peace treaties and forced the Papal States into an alliance.  He put members of his family into monarchs, and married another woman in order to have a son (heir).

c. Napoleon was finally defeated by Monarchs in western Europe.  Taking advantage of his defeat in Russia, they quickly broke their alliances and went to form with his enemies.  Their armies met and the allies won.  Paris was captured in March of 1814.  But once he ruled again after Louis XVIII fleeing, they went into war again.  Under the command of the Duke of Wellington, Napoleon lost again and gave up the throne.